The success in reaching the first phase of greenhouse gas and fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty vehicles and the new complex challenges facing truck and engine manufacturers in achieving the proposed second phase of regulations were outlined on August 6 during a rulemaking hearing conducted by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) officials.
Allen Schaeffer, the executive director of the Diesel Technology Forum, testified at the Chicago hearing on behalf of the diesel industry. Witnesses included environmental, health, industry and science representatives during the first of two national hearings on the Proposed Rulemaking to adopt Phase 2 of national greenhouse gas emission reduction and fuel efficiency requirements for medium and heavy duty trucks. The second hearing is scheduled for August 18 in Los Angeles.
“Today, manufacturers of commercial trucks, engines and their components produce the cleanest, safest and most fuel efficient technology in the world, and over 95% of those vehicles are powered by diesel engines. Advances in diesel engine technology will continue to contribute to the overall efficiency gains of vehicles under this proposed rule. As a result we expect diesel technology to remain the primary power-plant for commercial trucks into the foreseeable future,” Schaeffer said.
“For all parties, the challenge of further increasing fuel efficiency while maintaining or improving environmental, safety and productivity of commercial vehicles is as important as it is complex. To be successful, the final outcome here must build on the success already accomplished in achieving near-zero emissions with today’s new clean diesel technology, and drive continued innovation while ensuring that the end products are highly desired by customers.”
“When finalized these rules will join the Clean Power Plan, light-duty vehicle efficiency standards as the third key component of the Administration’s climate change plan and are expected to contribute substantial greenhouse gas emission reductions while helping to advance commitments to the international climate convention.”
New Diesel Technology Greenhouse Gas Benefits Already Accruing
“In light of the Clean Power Plan announcement earlier this week, we thought it was important to note that new technology clean diesel trucks on the road between 2010-2014 have already reduced annual carbon emissions by about the same amount as 2.4 coal-fired power plants, and NOx emissions equivalent to the equivalent of 158 coal-fired power plants,” Schaeffer said.
Over 95% of All Heavy Duty Trucks in U.S. Are Diesel-Powered
Schaeffer explained that diesel will continue to be the technology of choice because it offers an unmatched combination of power, increasing energy efficiency, work capability, reliability and now near-zero emissions environmental performance, along with an ability to utilize a variety of low-carbon renewable diesel fuels.
Schaeffer said that since 2000, the leaders in clean diesel technology and the EPA have worked cooperatively in establishing a regulatory pathway that brought about the introduction of an entire new generation of clean diesel engines for both on- and off-road applications.
“Manufacturers have met the challenge to virtually eliminate both NOx and particulate emissions from diesel engines, reducing emissions by as much as 98 percent from previous levels,” Schaeffer said. “These new technology clean diesel engines are being widely embraced by customers as evidenced by the increasing penetration into the vehicle population.”
According to state vehicle registration data for 2014, of the roughly 9.2 million Class 3-8 heavy-duty vehicles on the road nationwide, about 38 percent, or 3.4 million vehicles are deployed with a 2007 or newer model year engine. Of these, 20 percent or roughly 1.9 million vehicles on the road meet the 2010 emissions milestone that requires near zero levels of both particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions, Schaeffer said.
According to the Fuels Institute, by 2023 diesel engines will power between 95 and 97 percent of all medium and heavy duty vehicles despite the introduction of alternative fuels and powertrains, including all-electric, fuel cell and continued introduction of natural gas powered vehicles.
Important Factors Must Be Considered In Final Phase 2 Rules
As EPA works to develop the final Phase 2 rules, Schaeffer said it is important that the rule must be a national program uniform to all 50 states including California; remain fuel neutral in nature; provide ample lead time and stability; be compatible with the needs and complexities of the diverse marketplace; be mindful of the other requirements placed on industry relative to environmental and safety requirements of commercial vehicles; harmonize standards to the greatest extent possible, and carefully consider the longstanding trade-off between NOx and CO2.
“Now achieving near zero emissions, clean diesel technology powers the overwhelming majority of medium and commercial trucks today and thanks to these improvements is poised to continue as the prime powertrain technology for commercial vehicles in the future,” Schaeffer said. “The engine may look and perform somewhat differently, and may be burning different kinds of low carbon fuels. But in the end, it will still be a diesel engine and an integral component of meeting the needs of a growing economy and a cleaner and more sustainable future.”
